YouTube channel management services are essential for creators who want to grow faster without burning out. Stealth Agents handles everything—from content optimization to community engagement—so you can focus on creating while they grow your channel strategically. Ready to scale your YouTube presence? Partner with Stealth Agents today.
As of 2025, YouTube boasts over 2.85 billion monthly active users, solidifying its position as a dominant platform for content creators and businesses alike. This expansive reach underscores the increasing demand for professional management of YouTube channels. Effective channel management encompasses content strategy, SEO, audience engagement, and monetization strategies, all tailored to enhance visibility and growth. For instance, agencies like Stealth Agents specialize in providing comprehensive YouTube channel management services, assisting creators in navigating the complexities of the platform to achieve sustained success.
YouTube channel managers are your best friend when it comes to making your YouTube channel a big hit.
They take care of everything from creating content that people love to watch to ensuring your videos reach as many viewers as possible.
Whether you’re new to YouTube or looking to take your channel to the next level, these are designed to help you succeed.
The Stealth Agents team is always available to provide support and address any concerns you may have.
Book now to learn more about our pricing!
What Are YouTube Channel Management Services?
YouTube channel management helps YouTubers to run their YouTube channels and reach broader audiences.
These handle tasks like video creation, writing descriptions, and answering comments so you can focus on making content.
They also work on making the channel more popular by figuring out what viewers want to see and using strategies to attract more followers.
What Do We Offer in YouTube Management?
1. Video Editing
Firstly, we specialize in transforming your raw footage into polished, captivating videos that resonate with your audience. A YouTube channel analyst can provide guidance on what edits or styles perform best, helping ensure each video maximizes viewer engagement.
Our video editing involves trimming the unnecessary parts to add transitions, engaging animations, and crystal-clear audio enhancements.
We focus on bringing your story to life in a way that holds your audience’s attention but also boosts your videos to be loved.
2. Content Ideas
Content ideas include creating engaging video tutorials and creating behind-the-scenes looks that give viewers a personal glimpse into your brand’s world.
We also specialize in curating Q&A sessions to directly address the queries and concerns of your community.
Our aim is to produce content that entertains, educates, and connects, creating a dynamic and loyal community around your brand.
3. Video SEO
Video SEO involves optimizing your videos to ensure they reach the widest possible audience.
This includes creating SEO-optimized titles, descriptions, and tags so that your content appears in search results.
Moreover, we create thumbnails to encourage clicks and ensure your content provides value to viewers, keeping them watching for longer.
This helps in attracting new viewers, retaining them, and making your YouTube channel more effective and successful.
4. Thumbnail Creation
Creating a thumbnail is a crucial step because the thumbnail is the first thing viewers see before clicking on a video.
It acts as a mini advertisement for the content inside. The goal is to make a thumbnail visually appealing and relevant to the video’s topic.
Using bright colors, clear fonts, and engaging images can capture the audience’s attention.
A well-designed thumbnail can significantly increase the chances of someone clicking on your video.
5. Branding
Branding involves selecting a unique logo, a consistent color scheme, and a tone of voice that reflects the channel’s personality and values.
Effective branding helps channels stand out in a crowded space, making them easily recognizable to viewers.
It also encompasses the message you want to convey through your content and how you interact with your audience.
Good branding fosters loyalty and creates a sense of community among viewers, which can significantly boost the channel’s growth and success.
Maintaining Brand Consistency Across Multiple Channels
Brand consistency is vital when managing several YouTube channels—especially if you have a global audience or multiple team members involved.
But how do you keep every channel, thumbnail, and profile image aligned with your overall brand identity?
There are practical tools designed to help with this:
- Brand Management Platforms: Tools such as Frontify, Brandfolder, and Bynder allow you to store and easily share approved logos, color palettes, fonts, and templates. This ensures everyone on your team is working with the latest brand assets.
- Channel Dashboard Comparisons: For comparing profile images, header art, video styles, and thumbnails across several channels, platforms like TubeBuddy and Hootsuite offer multi-channel overviews. These dashboards make it simpler to quickly spot any inconsistencies.
- Automated Design Tools: Services such as Canva for Teams or Adobe Express give you centralized template libraries where global teams can access pre-set layouts and brand colors, minimizing the chances of mix-ups.
- Manual Review Checklists: And for those who prefer to keep it simple, a shared brand consistency checklist (in Google Sheets or Notion) can guide your team on what to double-check before anything goes live.
6. Monetization
Monetization involves setting up and optimizing your channel in ways that allow you to earn money from your videos.
Monetizing involves knowing which content qualifies, exploring revenue options like sponsorships and memberships, and complying with YouTube’s monetization policies.
Our role involves handling these complexities for you, ensuring your channel is a platform for sharing content and a source of income.
7. SEO Reporting
YouTube also includes regular reports on how the videos are performing on search engines.
This includes tracking keywords to see how well they’re doing and identifying which ones could help your videos get seen by more people.
We gather data that shows what’s working and what’s not, then use that information to make your video content better.
A virtual assistant SEO services task requires a good understanding of SEO tools and analytics platforms, which can provide insights into viewer behavior and preferences.
8. Copyright Handling
Copyright management means making sure that all content posted on the channel follows copyright laws.
If copyrighted materials are used, it’s essential to get permission from the original owners or to use content that is in the public domain.
This duty also includes responding to any copyright claims or strikes against the channel promptly and appropriately.
The goal is to protect the channel from legal issues and ensure all content shared respects other creators’ rights.
9. Content ID Management
Lastly, content ID management is monitoring and resolving any copyright issues that might arise on your videos.
So, the expert ensures that all video content you publish is either original or you have the right to use it.
In cases where a claim is made against your content, they work promptly to address and resolve the issue.
This process safeguards your channel’s reputation and keeps your content accessible to your audience.
What are the Benefits of YouTube Management?
First, they amplify your channel’s visibility. These ensure your content reaches a wider audience.
Second, they save time. Managing a YouTube channel can be time-consuming, involving content planning, posting schedules, and interaction with viewers.
Youtube virtual assistant can handle these tasks, allowing you to focus on content creation. Third, they enhance viewer engagement.
These utilize analytics to understand what your audience prefers, helping tailor your content to meet their interests, shares, and comments.
Fourth, they provide consistent content scheduling to ensure your content goes live according to a set schedule.
Lastly, they offer competitive analysis. Understanding what works for competitors can help you adjust your strategy.
How do I choose the right YouTube channel management service for my business?
1. Look for Experience in YouTube Channel Management
Experience is key when selecting a YouTube channel management agency. A seasoned team will understand the platform’s algorithms and how to optimize your channel for success. Ask about their history of managing similar channels, especially in your industry, to ensure they can meet your needs. Their track record of success will show they’re capable of navigating the challenges of running a competitive channel. This step gives you confidence that the agency knows how to grow and maintain a high-performing channel.
2. Review Their Content Creation Capabilities
A strong YouTube management service should offer quality content creation, including video editing and thumbnail design. Check if they have access to tools and creativity to develop engaging thumbnails and descriptions that drive clicks. Their ability to produce or manage content tailored to your audience plays a massive role in your channel’s growth. Content consistency is another factor since regular high-quality uploads are essential for keeping viewers engaged. Make sure their creative style aligns with your brand’s vision and goals.
3. Evaluate Their SEO and Optimization Strategies
Effective YouTube management companies focus heavily on video SEO and optimization strategies. They ensure your videos use the right keywords, tags, and descriptions to be easily discoverable by your audience. Ask how they optimize content to rank higher in YouTube’s search results, as this directly impacts viewership. A good service tracks analytics to adjust tactics, ensuring ongoing improvement over time. Their expertise in SEO means they can help boost engagement and grow your channel faster.
4. Understand Their Approach to Analytics and Reporting
Analytics are a core part of any professional YouTube management service. The agency should provide regular updates on metrics like views, watch time, and subscriber growth. Look for services that not only track performance but also adapt strategies based on data insights. Clear reporting ensures you’re always informed about how well your channel is doing. This level of detail is critical to making informed decisions about your content strategy moving forward.
5. Check Their Communication Style
Strong communication is a priority when working with a YouTube management service. You’ll want a team that listens closely to your objectives and provides prompt feedback. They should be proactive in sharing updates and easy to reach whenever you have questions. Poor communication leads to misunderstandings and delays, which is something no business owner wants. A service that values clear communication will allow for a smooth partnership and quicker results.
6. Ask About Audience Engagement Strategies
Audience engagement is a vital aspect of successful channel management. A good agency takes care of responding to comments, building community, and boosting interaction on your videos. Ask how they keep viewers engaged with features like polls, giveaways, or interactive content. These efforts build loyalty and encourage repeat viewers, which leads to long-term channel success. Without engagement strategies, even the best content might struggle to maintain a growing audience.
Strategies for Effective Comment Monitoring
Monitoring and managing your YouTube channel’s comments is essential for building a healthy, engaged community.
A strong management service should offer a proactive comment strategy that does more than just skim the surface.
Here are a few key approaches to look for:
- Regular Comment Review: The agency should consistently review and moderate incoming comments to maintain a positive environment. This includes identifying and removing spam, inappropriate remarks, or harmful content that could negatively impact your brand’s reputation.
- Smart Filtering Tools: Top services utilize filtering tools—like YouTube’s built-in moderation features or third-party solutions such as TubeBuddy—to automatically block or flag questionable comments. This proactive filtering helps you stay focused on valuable feedback and conversations.
- Thoughtful Engagement: It’s not enough to just weed out the bad. Effective services actively respond to genuine viewer comments, answer questions, and foster ongoing dialogue. This engagement helps nurture your audience and shows you value their input.
- Clear Response Guidelines: Agencies should set up guidelines for comment responses, ensuring replies reflect your brand’s voice and values. Quick, thoughtful answers encourage further interaction and trust.
- Consistent Monitoring Schedule: Daily or near-daily monitoring catches issues early and keeps conversations lively. Ask if the team you’re considering has a scheduled routine to stay on top of your comment section—no one wants to let negative feedback linger unchecked.
7. Compare Pricing and Value
Pricing varies across different YouTube channel management services, so compare options carefully. Look for a service that offers competitive rates while delivering massive value, such as analytics reporting, content upgrades, and growth strategies. Some agencies charge flat fees, while others offer packages based on service levels, so understand their pricing structure. Balance cost with the quality of service to ensure you get a good return on investment. By weighing all factors, you can find a service that meets your needs without breaking your budget.
Channel Setup and Overhaul Steps
Launching—or revamping—a YouTube channel takes more than flipping a switch. Expect a structured process designed for long-term growth and sustainable results.
Here’s what the setup or overhaul typically looks like:
- Comprehensive Channel Audit: The agency will kick things off by evaluating your current channel setup. This involves reviewing branding, playlists, video metadata, and existing performance to pinpoint strengths and areas for improvement.
- Strategic Growth Planning: Next comes crafting a tailored growth strategy. This step pulls together competitor analysis, audience profiling, and a roadmap outlining key milestones. The goal? Aligning your channel with your business objectives and market opportunities.
- Content and Topic Research: A deep dive into keyword and topic research follows. Using tools like TubeBuddy or vidIQ, they’ll uncover high-potential subjects your target audience is searching for, shaping the blueprint for your content calendar.
- Optimization and Branding Refresh: Expect updates to channel graphics, descriptions, and layout to ensure everything reflects your brand and hooks viewers from the get-go.
- Implementation and Reporting: Finally, your partner will help roll out these changes and monitor the impact, providing data-driven reports so you can see exactly how the new approach is working over time.
These foundational steps set you up for a streamlined launch and support scalable, measurable channel growth.
8. Explore Results and Performance Guarantees
A reputable YouTube channel management service should back up their claims with real results and clear performance guarantees. Look for agencies led by industry experts who implement advanced optimization practices and leverage data-driven strategies.
Top companies will use powerful analytics platforms—often similar to those used by industry leaders like VidIQ or TubeBuddy—to monitor exactly what works for your niche.
Many agencies provide guarantees such as increased views, higher engagement rates, and consistent audience growth, often at a more cost-effective rate compared to managing these efforts in-house.
They may also offer global expertise, with teams proficient in multiple languages for brands with an international presence.
Ultimately, when comparing agencies, prioritize those that not only promise improvements but also demonstrate a proven track record of delivering tangible results, transparent reporting, and continuous channel optimization.
This commitment to ongoing success ensures your investment brings measurable, lasting value.
Explore Business Consulting and Improvement Strategies
A top-tier YouTube management service isn’t just about the day-to-day running of your channel—it should also offer ongoing business improvement strategies designed to keep your channel ahead of the curve.
Look for agencies that provide access to experienced strategists who can help you set and refine channel goals, benchmark your progress against the competition, and proactively identify areas for growth.
Professional services often include monthly performance reviews and strategic bulletins to ensure you’re not just tracking analytics, but truly understanding your channel’s strengths and opportunities.
This can include competitive analysis, industry trend reports, and workshops on the latest YouTube best practices.
Many agencies also offer hands-on consulting sessions, webinars, or even live training events, giving you direct access to expert advice for refining your content, improving your outreach, and sharpening your overall strategy.
Additionally, a strong partner will tap into industry research—think case studies from top creators, insights from platforms like TubeBuddy or Social Blade, and ongoing learning opportunities—to help future-proof your channel.
Whether it’s one-on-one learning or collaborative workshops, these improvement strategies put your channel in the best possible position to grow sustainably and outpace the competition.
Leverage Paid Media for Channel Growth
Paid media can be a powerful catalyst for expanding your YouTube reach when used strategically.
Effective tactics include running targeted pre-roll ads that put your channel in front of viewers most likely to be interested in your content. Leveraging YouTube’s discovery ads helps position your videos where audiences actively explore new creators.
For best results, consider:
- Contextual Pre-Roll Ads: Place your ads before videos relevant to your niche. This ensures your content reaches viewers already interested in similar topics, increasing the likelihood of clicks and subscriptions.
- Discovery Campaigns: Use YouTube’s TrueView discovery ads to promote your videos in search results and alongside related videos, making it easier for audiences to find and engage with your content.
- Audience Targeting: Drill down with demographic, interest, and behavior targeting to reach viewers who match your ideal audience profile.
- A/B Testing: Test different ad formats, copy, and creative elements to determine what captures attention and drives channel growth most effectively.
- Performance Tracking: Regularly review analytics from both Google Ads and YouTube Studio to refine your paid strategies and ensure you’re maximizing ROI.
When paired with strong organic tactics, a well-planned paid media approach can significantly accelerate discovery and channel development—helping you reach new viewers faster while supporting long-term community building.
9. Explore Their Advertising and Network Strategies
A targeted YouTube media strategy can be a major growth accelerator for your channel. Top agencies help map out customized network creation, connecting your content with relevant creators or niche communities for cross-promotion and collaboration opportunities.
This approach amplifies your brand’s reach and taps into new audiences who are already engaged with similar content.
Effective media planning and ad buying are also crucial. The right service will develop ad campaigns—such as pre-roll ads, display ads, or sponsored content—tailored to your channel’s goals and ideal viewers.
Their expertise with platforms like Google Ads and YouTube’s own advertising tools ensures your budget is put to work strategically, driving views and conversions while maximizing cost-efficiency.
Ask how they analyze campaign results to refine targeting, ad creative, and placement decisions. The best agencies will leverage both organic and paid growth tactics, giving your channel a holistic boost that supports both short-term spikes and sustained long-term performance.
10. Leverage Influencer Marketing for Channel Growth
Influencer marketing is a powerful tool for expanding your YouTube channel’s reach and credibility.
By partnering with creators who already have an engaged following in your niche—think about collaborations with influencers on platforms like Instagram, TikTok, or even cross-promoting through Twitter—you can introduce your content to new audiences who are likely to be interested in what you offer.
Successful influencer collaborations come in many forms, such as guest appearances in videos, joint challenges, or sponsored shout-outs. Start by identifying creators whose style and values align with your brand, and use industry tools to gauge their performance and engagement rates before reaching out.
It’s also important to negotiate fair compensation; influencer rates can vary based on audience size and engagement, so compare options and set clear goals for each partnership.
When executed right, influencer marketing doesn’t just drive new viewers to your channel—it can also boost engagement, since influencer audiences may be more likely to comment, like, and share your content.
Track results using YouTube Analytics and third-party tracker tools to see which partnerships yield the best returns, and refine your strategy over time.
Consider Their YouTube Advertising Strategies
When evaluating a YouTube management service, it’s crucial to understand how they handle paid advertising campaigns.
Look for agencies that can assist with strategic budget planning—mapping spend to your channel’s goals and recommended ad formats.
A trusted partner should help you allocate funds wisely across different ad types, from skippable and non-skippable ads to carefully balanced pre-roll and discovery placements.
Ask about their insights on optimal ad length, since YouTube rewards succinct ads that capture attention quickly—think 6-second bumper ads or 15- to 30-second spots that keep your audience engaged without overstaying their welcome.
Additionally, experienced agencies should develop a detailed media plan. This blueprint guides your campaigns and ensures they can collaborate effectively with your media buying team, should you have one.
Continuous ad monitoring and proactive campaign optimization are must-haves. Your management partner should keep a close eye on ad performance and adjust targeting, creative, and bidding to drive the best results—just as you’d expect from seasoned advertisers working with Google Ads or Facebook Ads.
Finally, robust reporting is non-negotiable. Accurate, transparent updates on key metrics—like impressions, click-through rates, and conversions—ensure you stay in the loop and can assess the true impact of your investment.
11. Explore Their Talent Sourcing and Integration Approach
Bringing in the right creators or influencers can make all the difference in building credibility and expanding your channel’s reach.
A reputable YouTube management service will have a well-defined process for sourcing talent that aligns with your brand and resonates with your audience.
This typically involves creating a shortlist of potential partners, vetting their relevance, and negotiating fair terms for collaboration.
Look for agencies that can develop tailored campaign strategies around influencer partnerships, ensuring these creators are an authentic fit for your channel’s goals.
They should also handle the nitty-gritty details of agreements and logistics, so you don’t have to worry about chasing contracts or deliverables.
Ongoing management is key—regular monitoring and performance reporting allow you to see which collaborations are driving real impact.
A strong service will also facilitate seamless content distribution, amplifying your message across social platforms and maximizing the reach of each campaign.
By integrating the right talent into your YouTube strategy, you open the door to engaging new audiences and building lasting channel momentum.
Social Video Planning Across Multiple Platforms
Successful social video planning means crafting a cohesive strategy tailored to each platform—think YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook—to maximize reach and engagement.
Start by identifying your target audience for each channel, as user demographics and content preferences often vary between platforms. Create a video calendar that schedules launch dates and coordinates content types, ensuring you maintain consistency while adapting to what works best on each network.
Content should be customized by format and length.
For example, YouTube favors longer-form, in-depth videos, while TikTok and Instagram Reels thrive on short, snappy clips.
Pay attention to platform-specific trends, use popular hashtags, and leverage native features like Instagram Stories, YouTube Shorts, or Facebook Live to boost visibility and interaction.
It’s also wise to vary your posting times to align with when your audiences are most active.
Test different formats, such as tutorials, behind-the-scenes glimpses, or Q&A sessions, then track analytics to see what resonates.
Reviewing performance data regularly from tools like TubeBuddy, Sprout Social, or native platform analytics helps fine-tune your approach and ensure continuous improvement.
Ultimately, the goal is to create a unified but adaptable video strategy that builds brand presence and keeps your audience engaged, wherever they watch.
Develop a Smart Global Channel Strategy
Expanding your channel’s reach across borders brings new opportunities—but also fresh challenges. A solid YouTube management service crafts a tailored global channel architecture, making sure your content resonates with viewers from different regions.
They’ll strategize whether to create separate regional channels or house all your content under one channel, striking a balance between local relevance and global brand consistency.
Addressing language barriers is another crucial piece of the puzzle. Top agencies work with skilled translators or use localization tools to adapt not just subtitles, but also video titles, descriptions, and even on-screen graphics.
This helps your videos appear in local search results and connect authentically with diverse audiences—from Tokyo to Toronto. Additionally, they monitor evolving YouTube trends in each region and adjust your content mix to align with what resonates locally.
By building a global channel strategy that tackles language and regional preferences head-on, you set your brand up for meaningful worldwide growth while keeping your messaging clear and engaging for every viewer.
Managing Channels Across Countries and Languages
Handling YouTube channels that reach audiences around the globe comes with unique challenges—but it’s absolutely manageable with the right approach.
The best YouTube management services employ teams of native speakers who oversee channels in different countries and languages, ensuring content and engagement fit each local culture.
This level of localization helps boost authenticity and strengthens the connection with viewers from diverse backgrounds.
On the operational side, consistency is key. Many agencies use advanced tools (like Hootsuite, Sprout Social, or custom-made dashboard systems) that let you monitor things like avatars, banners, thumbnails, and even tone of voice across all your channels.
With these tools, it’s easy to quickly spot inconsistencies and maintain a unified brand presence—no matter where your audience is watching from.
By combining local expertise with technology that streamlines brand oversight, global YouTube teams can ensure each channel caters to its target audience while still aligning with the overall brand vision. This strategy leads to a cohesive, professional look and feel across international markets.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much do YouTube channel management services typically cost in 2025?
YouTube channel management service costs vary significantly based on scope and agency expertise. Basic packages start around $500-1,000 monthly for small channels, while comprehensive enterprise solutions can range $3,000-10,000+ monthly. Factors affecting pricing include channel size, content volume, editing complexity, and additional services like paid advertising management. Most agencies offer tiered pricing structures to accommodate different budgets and growth stages.
What qualifications should I look for in a YouTube channel management team?
Look for teams with proven YouTube marketing certifications, Google Ads expertise, and demonstrated experience growing channels in your industry. Essential qualifications include proficiency in YouTube Studio, analytics platforms, video editing software, and social media management tools. The best teams have creative professionals, data analysts, and strategic marketers who understand YouTube's algorithm changes and platform best practices.
How long does it take to see results from YouTube channel management services?
Initial optimization improvements typically appear within 2-4 weeks, including better search rankings and engagement rates. Significant subscriber growth and increased watch time usually develop over 3-6 months with consistent professional management. However, results depend on starting channel size, content quality, niche competition, and strategy implementation. Most agencies provide monthly progress reports to track measurable improvements.
Can YouTube channel management services help with YouTube Shorts strategy?
Yes, professional YouTube management services increasingly specialize in YouTube Shorts optimization, recognizing their importance for channel growth. They develop Shorts-specific content calendars, optimize vertical video formats, and leverage trending audio and hashtags. Services include Shorts performance analytics, cross-platform repurposing from TikTok/Instagram Reels, and strategic integration with long-form content to maximize overall channel reach.
Do YouTube management agencies provide crisis management and reputation protection?
Reputable YouTube channel management services offer comprehensive crisis management including negative comment moderation, controversy response strategies, and reputation repair campaigns. They monitor brand mentions, handle copyright disputes, manage community strikes, and develop communication protocols for potential issues. Advanced services include proactive reputation monitoring and strategic damage control to protect your channel's long-term credibility and monetization status.
What analytics and reporting tools do professional YouTube managers use?
Professional YouTube managers utilize advanced analytics platforms beyond basic YouTube Studio, including VidIQ, TubeBuddy, Social Blade, and Hootsuite Analytics. They track detailed metrics like audience retention graphs, traffic source analysis, revenue optimization, and competitor benchmarking. Custom dashboards provide real-time performance monitoring, ROI calculations, and strategic insights for data-driven content and growth decisions.
How do YouTube channel management services handle multi-platform content distribution?
Professional services develop integrated content strategies that optimize videos for YouTube while repurposing content across Instagram, TikTok, LinkedIn, and other platforms. They adapt video formats, timing, and messaging for each platform's unique audience and algorithm requirements. This includes creating platform-specific thumbnails, captions, and promotional strategies to maximize cross-platform visibility and subscriber acquisition.
What contract terms and flexibility do YouTube management services typically offer?
Most YouTube channel management services offer flexible contract options ranging from month-to-month agreements to annual commitments with discounted rates. Standard contracts include performance benchmarks, service level agreements, and clear termination clauses. Many provide trial periods or pilot programs for new clients, with scalable service tiers that can expand as channels grow and require additional support.
Can YouTube channel management services help with influencer collaboration and partnership opportunities?
Professional YouTube management services often include influencer outreach and collaboration facilitation as part of their growth strategies. They identify relevant creators for partnerships, negotiate collaboration terms, coordinate cross-promotional campaigns, and manage sponsored content compliance. Services may also help secure brand partnerships, sponsorship deals, and networking opportunities within your industry niche.
How do YouTube management services stay updated with algorithm changes and platform updates?
Professional YouTube management teams maintain direct relationships with YouTube representatives, participate in creator beta programs, and attend industry conferences to stay ahead of platform changes. They conduct regular algorithm testing, monitor performance pattern shifts, and adjust strategies based on the latest YouTube policies. This includes staying current with monetization requirements, community guidelines updates, and new feature rollouts.
